Brain tumors: what you need to know

Brain tumours represent a serious disease that affects the central nervous system and can have significant consequences for affected patients. In this article, we will review the main aspects of brain tumors, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatments.

Causes of Brain Tumors

The causes of brain tumours are diverse and often not fully understood. Some of the factors associated with their causes include:

• Genetic factors: Hereditary predisposition may increase the risk of developing a brain tumor.
• Exposure to ionizing radiation: High doses of radiation, especially when treating other cancers, can increase the likelihood of brain tumors.
• Chemicals: Contact with certain chemicals or toxins can be a risk factor.

Symptoms of Brain Tumors

Symptoms of brain tumors vary depending on their location and size. However, some common signs include:

• Pain in the head: It is often experienced as a constant or frequently occurring headache.
• Changes in vision: Visual disturbances may include double vision or loss of peripheral vision.
• Coordination and balance problems: Inability to maintain a stable gait.
• Epileptic seizures: Partial or generalized occur due to irritation of the cerebellum.

Diagnosis of Brain Tumors

Diagnosis of brain tumors requires serious medical tests:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT): They provide a visual picture of the brain tumor and can determine its size and location.
• Biopsy: Removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory analysis to confirm the diagnosis.
• Liquor cytology: Analysis of the fluid around the brain for the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment of Brain Tumors

The treatment of brain tumors involves a variety of approaches:

• Surgical removal: Surgery to remove the tumor when possible.
• Radiotherapy: Using high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Administration of drugs that destroy or slow cell growth.

Support and Forecast

Brain tumours pose a significant challenge for patients and their families. Psychological and emotional support, as well as participation in support groups, can be essential. The prognosis depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as how it responds to treatment.

Brain tumours require an individual and multiprofessional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Regular medical examinations and prompt treatment play a key role in improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.